Population
39k persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.
Monaco
All indicators of the Macroscope base for Monaco, with sources. Below: what past UN and IMF releases projected and what actually happened.
What the data shows
Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.
How the indicators changed
- Fertility (TFR): 3.06 in 1950 → 2.11 in 2023 (−31%). Low: 1.75 in 1993; +21% since then. The trend broke around 1994 and 2017: −0.03 → +0.03 → −0.08 a year.
- Births: 0.4k in 1950 → 0.37k in 2023 (−7%). Peak: 0.42k in 1951; the latest value is 13% lower. The trend broke around 1961 and 1974: −0.01k → 0k → 0k a year.
- Population: 19.7k in 1950 → 39k in 2023 (+98%). The trend broke around 1999 and 2007: +0.27k → −0.05k → +0.49k a year.
- Internet: 0% in 1990 → 99% in 2024 (+99 pp). Thresholds: above 10% since 2000, above 50% since 2004, above 90% since 2013. Fastest growth in 2008–2013: 67.3% → 90.7%.
- Urban share: 100% in 1960 → 100% in 2025 (0 pp).
What changed at the same time
- The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1982–1992: 2.20 → 1.76. Over the same years: births 0.4k → 0.34k; population 27.6k → 30.9k; urban share 100% → 100%; no data for the others in those years.
- Over the last 10 years (2013–2023): fertility (TFR) 2.31 → 2.11; births 0.36k → 0.37k; population 35.5k → 39k; internet 90.7% → 98.9%; urban share 100% → 100%.
How the indicators relate
- Fertility (TFR) and internet (1990–2023, 24 years): levels are noticeably related, in the same direction (r = 0.69); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.19).
Forecasts vs actual
- Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 1 revisions (2022–2022) and above in 1; median gap +1.5%.
- Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 1.96 (−7% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.84 (−13% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 1.34.
- Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 1 revisions (2022–2022) and above in 1; median gap +14%.
- The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (0.37k, 2023) only around 2035: reality is 12 years ahead of it.
- Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 0.42k (+15% vs 2023), 2100 — 0.5k (+37% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 0.25k.
- Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 7 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 5; median gap −0.6%.
- The UN 2004 projection expected this level (39k) already around 2013: reality is 10 years behind it.
- The UN 2017 projection expected this level (39k) already around 2018: reality is 5 years behind it.
- Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 36.8k (−6% vs 2023), 2100 — 47.5k (+22% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 35.8k.
UN projections vs actual
Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates to 2023, then national statistics where comparable with the UN. Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.
Population
persons, 1 July
- Actual
- UN 1998
- UN 2000
- UN 2002
- UN 2004
- UN 2006
- UN 2008
- UN 2010
- UN 2012
- UN 2015
- UN 2017
- UN 2019
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 1998 | 2023 | 25 years | 40.3k | 39k | −3.3% |
| UN 2000 | 2023 | 23 years | 38.6k | 39k | +0.9% |
| UN 2002 | 2023 | 21 years | 39.4k | 39k | −1.2% |
| UN 2004 | 2023 | 19 years | 43.2k | 39k | −9.9% |
| UN 2006 | 2023 | 17 years | 34.9k | 39k | +11.6% |
| UN 2008 | 2023 | 15 years | 34.5k | 39k | +13% |
| UN 2010 | 2023 | 13 years | 35.5k | 39k | +9.8% |
| UN 2012 | 2023 | 11 years | 41k | 39k | −4.9% |
| UN 2015 | 2023 | 8 years | 39k | 39k | 0% |
| UN 2017 | 2023 | 6 years | 39.9k | 39k | −2.3% |
| UN 2019 | 2023 | 4 years | 40k | 39k | −2.7% |
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 36.3k | 39k | +7.3% |
Births
births per year
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 0.32k | 0.37k | +13.9% |
Total fertility rate
children per woman
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 2.08 | 2.11 | +1.5% |
All indicators
Demography
Births
0.37k births per year latest value, 2023
Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).
Total fertility rate
2.11 children per woman latest value, 2023
Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.
Life expectancy at birth, women
88.5 years latest value, 2023
Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).
Life expectancy at birth, men
84.4 years latest value, 2023
Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).
Median age
54.4 years latest value, 2023
Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).
Mean age of mothers at childbirth
30.9 years latest value, 2023
Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).
Sex ratio at birth
104.9 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023
Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).
Net migration
0.09k persons per year latest value, 2023
Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection).
Old-age dependency
78 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020
Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).
Digitalisation
Internet users
99 % of population latest value, 2024
Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.
Mobile cellular subscriptions
107.4 per 100 people latest value, 2024
Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.
Fixed broadband subscriptions
55.7 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2024
Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.
Society
Urban population
100 % of population latest value, 2025
Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).
Tertiary enrolment, women
99.3 % gross latest value, 2024
Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).
Life expectancy at birth
86.5 years latest value, 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).
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