Population
23.6M persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.
Syria
All indicators of the Macroscope base for Syria, with sources. Below: what past UN and IMF releases projected and what actually happened.
What the data shows
Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.
How the indicators changed
- Fertility (TFR): 7.62 in 1950 → 2.71 in 2023 (−64%). The trend broke around 1978 and 2000: 0 → −0.16 → −0.06 a year.
- Births: 165k in 1950 → 522k in 2023 (×3.2). Peak: 659k in 2008; the latest value is 21% lower. The trend broke around 2011 and 2017: +7.85k → −45.9k → +26.9k a year.
- Population: 3.61M in 1950 → 23.6M in 2023 (×6.5). The trend broke around 1980 and 2010: +175k → +432k → −16.6k a year.
- Internet: 0% in 1990 → 33.8% in 2018 (+34 pp). Threshold: above 10% since 2007. Fastest growth in 2005–2010: 5.6% → 20.7%.
- Urban share: 40% in 1960 → 72.1% in 2025 (+32 pp). Threshold: above 50% since 1995. The trend broke around 2009 and 2015: +0.28 → +3.7 → −0.54 a year.
- GDP per person (PPP): 5,952 PPP dollars in 1990 → 4,579 PPP dollars in 2022 (−23%). Peak: 9,854 PPP dollars in 2011; the latest value is 54% lower. The trend broke around 2009 and 2015: +172 → −773 → −62 a year.
- GDP growth: on average 2.7% in the 1980s, 5.7% in the 1990s, 4.4% in the 2000s. Lowest: −6.5% in 1984; highest: 13.2% in 1992.
- Inflation: on average 23.7% in the 1980s, 7.4% in the 1990s, 4.9% in the 2000s. Lowest: −3.9% in 2000; highest: 71.4% in 1987.
What changed at the same time
- The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1987–1997: 6.20 → 4.37. Over the same years: births 459k → 500k; population 11.4M → 15.4M; internet 0% (1997); urban share 48.3% → 50.7%; GDP per person (PPP) 8,299 PPP dollars (1997); GDP growth 1.3% → −1.1%; inflation 71.4% → 1.9%.
- Over the last 10 years (2013–2023): fertility (TFR) 3.17 → 2.71; births 582k → 522k; population 21.7M → 23.6M; internet 26.2% (2013); urban share 73.1% → 72.2%; GDP per person (PPP) 5,649 PPP dollars → 4,579 PPP dollars; no data for the others in those years.
How the indicators relate
- Fertility (TFR) and internet (1990–2018, 29 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.83); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.37). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.
- Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2023, 64 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.85); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.08). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.
- Fertility (TFR) and GDP per person (PPP) (1990–2022, 33 years): levels are barely related (r = 0.26); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = −0.08).
Forecasts vs actual
- Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 11; median gap +13%.
- The UN 2000 projection expected this level (2.71) already around 2016: reality is 7 years behind it.
- The UN 2017 projection expected this level (2.71) already around 2020: reality is 3 years behind it.
- Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 2.06 (−24% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.76 (−35% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 1.26.
- Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 9 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 2; median gap −22%.
- The UN 1998 projection did not expect today's level (522k, 2023) before its horizon ended (2047).
- The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (522k, 2023) only around 2024: reality is 1 year ahead of it.
- Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 539k (+3% vs 2023), 2100 — 434k (−17% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 175k.
- Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 9 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 3; median gap −9%.
- The UN 1998 projection expected this level (23.6M) already around 2017: reality is 6 years behind it.
- The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (23.6M, 2023) only around 2024: reality is 1 year ahead of it.
- Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 37.8M (+60% vs 2023), 2100 — 43.7M (+85% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 29.5M.
- GDP growth: IMF next-year forecasts (6 editions, 2007–2009). On average the outcome was 0.4 pp above the forecast; below it in 33% of cases; typical error ±0.7 pp. The biggest miss was for 2009: IMF, April 2008 expected 4.8%, the outcome was 5.9%.
- Inflation: IMF next-year forecasts (6 editions, 2007–2009). On average the outcome was 1.1 pp above the forecast; below it in 67% of cases; typical error ±5 pp. The biggest miss was for 2008: IMF, April 2007 expected 5%, the outcome was 15.2%.
UN projections vs actual
Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates to 2023, then national statistics where comparable with the UN. Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.
Population
persons, 1 July
- Actual
- UN 1998
- UN 2000
- UN 2002
- UN 2004
- UN 2006
- UN 2008
- UN 2010
- UN 2012
- UN 2015
- UN 2017
- UN 2019
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 1998 | 2023 | 25 years | 25.6M | 23.6M | −7.8% |
| UN 2000 | 2023 | 23 years | 26.7M | 23.6M | −11.5% |
| UN 2002 | 2023 | 21 years | 26.2M | 23.6M | −10.1% |
| UN 2004 | 2023 | 19 years | 27.3M | 23.6M | −13.5% |
| UN 2006 | 2023 | 17 years | 26.8M | 23.6M | −11.8% |
| UN 2008 | 2023 | 15 years | 27.7M | 23.6M | −15% |
| UN 2010 | 2023 | 13 years | 25.2M | 23.6M | −6.5% |
| UN 2012 | 2023 | 11 years | 27.1M | 23.6M | −13% |
| UN 2015 | 2023 | 8 years | 23.8M | 23.6M | −0.7% |
| UN 2017 | 2023 | 6 years | 21.5M | 23.6M | +9.9% |
| UN 2019 | 2023 | 4 years | 20.6M | 23.6M | +14.3% |
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 23.2M | 23.6M | +1.6% |
Births
births per year
- Actual
- UN 1998
- UN 2000
- UN 2002
- UN 2004
- UN 2006
- UN 2008
- UN 2010
- UN 2012
- UN 2015
- UN 2017
- UN 2019
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 1998 | 2015–2020 | 20 years | 475k | 390k | −18% |
| UN 2000 | 2015–2020 | 18 years | 538k | 390k | −27.6% |
| UN 2002 | 2015–2020 | 16 years | 501k | 390k | −22.2% |
| UN 2004 | 2015–2020 | 14 years | 532k | 390k | −26.7% |
| UN 2006 | 2015–2020 | 12 years | 522k | 390k | −25.4% |
| UN 2008 | 2015–2020 | 10 years | 557k | 390k | −30.1% |
| UN 2010 | 2015–2020 | 8 years | 479k | 390k | −18.6% |
| UN 2012 | 2015–2020 | 6 years | 538k | 390k | −27.5% |
| UN 2015 | 2015–2020 | 2 years | 419k | 390k | −6.9% |
| UN 2017 | 2015–2020 | 0 years | 385k | 390k | +1.1% |
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 491k | 522k | +6.3% |
Total fertility rate
children per woman
- Actual
- UN 1998
- UN 2000
- UN 2002
- UN 2004
- UN 2006
- UN 2008
- UN 2010
- UN 2012
- UN 2015
- UN 2017
- UN 2019
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 1998 | 2015–2020 | 20 years | 2.31 | 2.95 | +27.6% |
| UN 2000 | 2015–2020 | 18 years | 2.62 | 2.95 | +12.6% |
| UN 2002 | 2015–2020 | 16 years | 2.41 | 2.95 | +22.3% |
| UN 2004 | 2015–2020 | 14 years | 2.51 | 2.95 | +17.7% |
| UN 2006 | 2015–2020 | 12 years | 2.51 | 2.95 | +17.6% |
| UN 2008 | 2015–2020 | 10 years | 2.64 | 2.95 | +11.6% |
| UN 2010 | 2015–2020 | 8 years | 2.52 | 2.95 | +17.1% |
| UN 2012 | 2015–2020 | 6 years | 2.75 | 2.95 | +7.3% |
| UN 2015 | 2015–2020 | 2 years | 2.77 | 2.95 | +6.4% |
| UN 2017 | 2015–2020 | 0 years | 2.84 | 2.95 | +3.8% |
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 2.67 | 2.71 | +1.5% |
IMF forecasts vs actual
Solid line: actual values from the latest IMF edition (data get revised, so we use the newest). Dashed: April editions, current year and five years ahead. The table covers next-year forecasts from all editions: mean error shows bias, mean absolute error shows accuracy.
Real GDP growth
% per year
- Actual (IMF)
- WEO, April editions
| Indicator | Forecasts | Mean error | Mean absolute error | Actual below forecast |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real GDP growth | 6 | +0.4 pp | 0.7 pp | 33% |
| Inflation | 6 | +1.1 pp | 5 pp | 67% |
All indicators
Demography
Births
522k births per year latest value, 2023
Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).
Total fertility rate
2.71 children per woman latest value, 2023
Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.
Life expectancy at birth, women
74.4 years latest value, 2023
Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).
Life expectancy at birth, men
69.8 years latest value, 2023
Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).
Median age
22.2 years latest value, 2023
Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).
Mean age of mothers at childbirth
28.8 years latest value, 2023
Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).
Sex ratio at birth
105.2 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023
Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).
Net migration
757k persons per year latest value, 2023
Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection).
Old-age dependency
9.3 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020
Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).
Digitalisation
Internet users
33.8 % of population latest value, 2018
Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.
Mobile cellular subscriptions
71.2 per 100 people latest value, 2024
Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.
Fixed broadband subscriptions
6.9 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2023
Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.
Economy
GDP per capita, PPP
4,579 constant 2021 international $ latest value, 2022
Gross domestic product per person at purchasing power parity, constant 2021 international dollars (World Bank, ICP).
Real GDP growth
3.4 % per year latest value, 2010
Annual change of GDP at constant prices. Actual values and forecasts from IMF WEO editions.
Inflation
4.4 % per year, average latest value, 2010
Change of the annual average consumer price index (IMF WEO).
Government gross debt
31.2 % of GDP latest value, 2009
General government gross debt, percent of GDP (IMF WEO).
Unemployment rate
8.6 % of labour force latest value, 2010
Unemployed as a share of the labour force (IMF WEO; national definitions).
GDP per capita, US dollars
2,807 current US dollars latest value, 2010
GDP per person in current US dollars at market exchange rates (IMF WEO).
Society
Urban population
72.1 % of population latest value, 2025
Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).
Tertiary enrolment, women
47.4 % gross latest value, 2016
Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).
Women with upper secondary education
18.9 % of women 25+ latest value, 2009
Share of women aged 25+ who completed at least upper secondary education (UNESCO).
Life expectancy at birth
72.6 years latest value, 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).
Same region: Asia
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